Manometry

Esophageal Manometry

• This test evaluates how well the esophagus moves food to the stomach and the function of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
• Purpose: Diagnoses motility disorders such as achalasia (failure of the LES to relax), diffuse esophageal spasm, and scleroderma. It is often used to evaluate chronic reflux (GERD) or difficulty swallowing.
• Procedure: A thin, pressure-sensitive probe is inserted through the nose into the stomach, taking 15-30 minutes. Patients are usually awake, and the throat may be numbed.
• Preparation: Fasting (usually 6 hours) is required, and certain medications (e.g., calcium channel blockers, opioids) may need to be stopped 24 hours prior.

Anorectal Manometry

• This test measures the strength of the anal sphincter muscles and the sensation/coordination of the rectum.
• Purpose: Investigates chronic constipation, fecal incontinence, pelvic floor dysfunction, and Hirschsprung’s disease.
• Procedure: A thin, flexible catheter with a small balloon is inserted into the rectum. The patient is asked to perform maneuvers, including squeezing and bearing down (pushing) to evaluate muscle coordination.
• Preparation: A laxative or enema may be required to empty the rectum before the procedure.

Key Differences

• Esophageal: Focuses on swallowing, esophageal muscle movement, and acid reflux.
• Anorectal: Focuses on bowel movements, anal sphincter strength, and rectal sensation.
• Both procedures are generally safe, minimally invasive, and provide critical data for personalized treatment planning, such as biofeedback or surgery.