Intestinal Diseases

Intestine & Colon Diseases Treated

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Functional disorder affecting bowel habits Symptoms: abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea/constipation
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Chronic inflammation of intestines Types: Ulcerative colitis (colon) Crohn’s disease (small intestine & colon)
• Intestinal Infections
• Diarrheal Disorders Acute or chronic diarrhea Includes infectious and non-infectious causes
• Constipation & Motility Disorders
• Colorectal Polyps Growths in colon lining Some may progress to cancer if untreated
• Colorectal Cancer Cancer of colon or rectum
• Gastrointestinal Bleeding (Lower GI Bleed) Causes: hemorrhoids, polyps, colitis, cancer
• Celiac Disease Gluten-sensitive autoimmune condition
• Malabsorption Syndromes Poor absorption of nutrients
• Intestinal Obstruction Blockage in small or large intestine Symptoms: pain, vomiting, distension
• Diverticular Disease Can cause pain, infection, or bleeding
• Hemorrhoids (Piles) & Anorectal Disorders Swollen veins in rectum/anus Symptoms: bleeding, pain

Intestine & Colon Diagnostic Procedures

• Colonoscopy Gold standard for colon evaluation Detects polyps, cancer, inflammation
• Ileocolonoscopy Examines colon + terminal ileum Important for Crohn’s disease
• Biopsy & Histopathology Confirms IBD, cancer, infections
• Capsule Endoscopy Swallowed camera for small intestine evaluation
• Enteroscopy (Single/Double Balloon) Advanced endoscopy for deep small bowel
• CT Scan / CT Enterography Detailed imaging of intestines
• MRI Enterography Especially useful in Crohn’s disease
• Stool Tests Infection, inflammation markers, occult blood

Therapeutic Procedures

Endoscopic Treatments

• Polypectomy Removal of colon polyps (cancer prevention)
• Endoscopic Hemostasis Control of lower GI bleeding (clips, cautery, injection)
• Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) Removal of early cancers or large polyps
• Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) Advanced removal of complex lesions
• Stricture Dilatation Balloon dilatation for narrowed intestine
• Colonic Stenting For malignant obstruction (bridge to surgery or palliation)
• Foreign Body Removal If objects are lodged in lower GI tract

Medical Management

• Anti-inflammatory drugs (IBD)
• Immunosuppressants/biologics
• Antibiotics for infections
• Dietary & nutritional therapy
• Laxatives or motility agents

Emergency Intestinal Conditions Managed

• Severe diarrhea with dehydration
• Acute intestinal obstruction
• Massive lower GI bleeding
• Toxic megacolon (in IBD)