esophagus diseases

Esophageal Diseases Treated

• GERD (Acid Reflux Disease) Heartburn, regurgitation, chest discomfort
• Esophagitis Acid-related Infectious (fungal, viral) Pill-induced
• Barrett’s Esophagus
• Esophageal Strictures (Narrowing)
• Esophageal Cancer
• Achalasia Cardia
• Esophageal Varices
• Hiatal Hernia
• Esophageal Motility Disorders
• Foreign Body Impaction

Esophageal Diagnostic Procedures

• Upper GI Endoscopy (EGD) Gold standard test Direct visualization of esophagus, biopsy if needed
• Biopsy & Histopathology Diagnosis of cancer, Barrett’s esophagus, infections
• Esophageal Manometry Measures pressure and movement of esophagus Essential for diagnosing motility disorders like achalasia
• 24-hour pH Monitoring Measures acid exposure in esophagus Confirms GERD
• Barium Swallow Study X-ray test to evaluate structure and swallowing function
• CT Scan / PET Scan Used mainly for cancer staging

Therapeutic Procedures

Endoscopic Treatments

• Endoscopic Variceal Ligation (EVL) Banding of varices to prevent/control bleeding
• Endoscopic Sclerotherapy Injection treatment for bleeding veins
• Esophageal Dilatation Balloon or bougie dilatation for strictures
• Foreign Body Removal Emergency endoscopic procedure Advanced Endoscopic Procedures
• Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) Removal of early cancer or precancerous lesions
• Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) Advanced removal of larger lesions
• Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) Treatment for Barrett’s esophagus
• POEM (Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy) Minimally invasive treatment for achalasia Other Interventions
• Esophageal Stenting Placement of stent in cancer or severe narrowing

Medical Management

• Acid suppression (PPIs)
• Motility drugs
• Infection treatment

Emergency Esophageal Care

• Variceal bleeding
• Food bolus impaction
• Caustic ingestion injury